Project Outputs

Datasets

SCOPE will produce global datasets of the pools, fluxes and exchanges of carbon in the ocean, including air-sea CO₂ exchange, interior dissolved organic carbon, coastal and open ocean dissolved organic carbon, particulate inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon, phytoplankton carbon, primary production and export production.

UExP-FNN-U full surface ocean carbonate system dataset

A joint dataset developed between two European Space Agency (ESA) projects; Ocean Carbon for Climate (OC4C; https://oceancarbon4climate.org/) and Satellite-based observations of Carbon in the Ocean: Pools, Fluxes and Exchanges (SCOPE; https://oceancarbon-scope.org/). The dataset extends the University of Exeter Physics Feed Forward Neural Network with Uncertainties (UExP-FNN-U) approach, originally developed within the EU project OceanICU (https://ocean-icu.eu/), to provide estimates of the full surface ocean carbonate system. Within the development there was a focus on climate quality datasets from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (https://climate.esa.int/en/), a careful consideration of the sea surface temperatures used to maintain consistency with the air-sea CO₂ flux calculations, and a comprehensive uncertainty budget. These data are available open source on Zenodo (Ford et al. 2025; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15784426), and a manuscript is in preparation to describe the dataset (Ford et al. in prep).

Code

Open-source code for global coastal Dissolved Organic Carbon algorithm developed by Toming et al.
https://github.com/KaireTo/global-coastal-doc-algorithm-SCOPE

Open-source code for global Dissolved Organic Carbon algorithm developed by Laine et al.:
https://github.com/fmidev/ESA-SCOPE-DOC

Open-source code for KaleidoSCOPE, software to estimate uncertainties in satellite-derived ocean carbon variables using a Monte Carlo analysis, by Quast & Shevchuk:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17544961

Peer-reviewed Publications

2026

Dawson, G., Vandaele, R., Taylor, A., Moffat, D., Tamura-Wicks, H., Lickorish, R., Jackson, S., Fraccaro, P., Williamsn, H., Luo, C., Jones, A. (2026). A Sentinel-3 Foundation Model for Ocean Color. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 64:4211913-4211913. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3732792

Ford, D. J., Shutler, J. D., Sheen, K. L., Tilstone, G. H., and Kitidis, V.: UEx-L-Eddies: decadal and global long-lived mesoscale eddy trajectories with coincident air–sea CO₂ fluxes and environmental conditions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 969–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-969-2026, 2026

Galí et al. (2026), “Convection injects labile particulate organic carbon to the deep ocean”, Science Advances. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee6883.

Toming K., Kulk G., Quast R, Shevchuk R, Kutser T (2026). Towards a global assessment of coastal dissolved organic carbon. Remote Sensing of Environment 339: 115388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115388

Ford, D. J., Kulk, G., Sathyendranath, S., and Shutler, J. D.: Decadal and spatially complete global surface chlorophyll-a data record from satellite and BGC-Argo observations, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 569–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-569-2026, 2026.